Multi-Stroke Internal Combustion Engine

ABSTRACT

An internal combustion engine system and method of its operation are described. As one example, the method includes: repeatedly opening a first intake valve of a combustion chamber of the engine once every four piston strokes; transitioning operation of the combustion chamber from a four stroke cycle to a two stroke cycle by activating a second intake valve of the combustion chamber to repeatedly open once every four piston strokes during a different intake stroke than the first intake valve; and transitioning operation of the combustion chamber from the two stroke cycle to the four stroke cycle by deactivating the second intake valve in a closed position. In this way, the engine may be selectively operated in a two stroke cycle or a four stroke cycle by activating or deactivating or activating one of the intake valves while another of the intake valves continues to operate.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY

Some engines operate according to a four stroke cycle comprising anintake stroke, a compression stroke, a power stroke, and an exhauststroke. Other engines operate according to a two stroke cycle where theintake stroke is partially shared with the compression stroke and theexhaust stroke is partially shared with the power stroke. Some engineshave been developed that can be selectively operated in a two strokecycle during some conditions and a four stroke cycle during otherconditions. In this way, the engine may exhibit higher power outputthrough selective use of the two stroke cycle while achieving increasedfuel efficiency through selective use of the four stroke cycle.

The inventor herein has recognized that transitions between two and fourstroke operation may be achieved in one approach by a method ofoperating an internal combustion engine including at least onecombustion chamber having a piston disposed therein. As one example, themethod includes: repeatedly opening a first intake valve of thecombustion chamber once every four piston strokes; transitioningoperation of the combustion chamber from a four stroke cycle to a twostroke cycle by activating a second intake valve of the combustionchamber to repeatedly open once every four piston strokes during adifferent intake stroke than the first intake valve; and transitioningoperation of the combustion chamber from the two stroke cycle to thefour stroke cycle by deactivating the second intake valve in a closedposition. A similar approach may be applied to the exhaust valves of theengine as will be described herein.

In some embodiments, the above method may be performed by an internalcombustion engine system for a vehicle, including: an engine bodydefining at least one combustion chamber having a piston disposedtherein; a manifold coupled to the engine body and defining a fluidpassage that communicates with the combustion chamber via a first valveand a second valve; a first cam actuator configured to open the firstvalve; a second cam actuator configured to open the second valve; and acontrol system. The first valve and the second valve may include intakevalves, or the first valve and the second valve may include exhaustvalves.

The control system may be configured to: operate the first cam actuatorto repeatedly open the first valve once every four piston strokes andoperate the second cam actuator to repeatedly open the second valve onceevery four piston strokes during a different stroke than the first valveto carry out combustion in the combustion chamber according to a twostroke cycle; and operate the first cam actuator to repeatedly open thefirst valve once every four piston strokes and operate the second camactuator in an inactive lift state with the second valve so that thesecond valve is held closed to carry out combustion in the combustionchamber according to a four stroke cycle.

The intake and exhaust valves that are operated continuously during boththe two and four stroke cycles may be referred to as “full time” valves,while the intake and exhaust valves that are operated during the twostroke cycle while being deactivated during the four stroke cycle may bereferred to as “part time” valves. In this way, the first intake valvemay continue to operate during both of the four stroke and two strokeoperations, while the second intake valve may be held closed to enablethe four stroke operation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example internal combustion engine system.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example valve system.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example tappet for an intake or exhaust valve.

FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate example process flows for controlling theinternal combustion engine system.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example timeline depicting operation of theinternal combustion engine system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates an example internal combustion engine system 10.Engine system 10 includes an engine body 32 defining one or morecombustion chambers (i.e. cylinders), an example of which is illustratedat 30. Each combustion chamber may include a respective piston 36disposed therein. Engine system 10 further includes an intake manifold44 coupled to the engine body, which defines a first fluid passage thatcommunicates with combustion chamber 30 (among other combustion chambersof the engine) via a first intake valve 210 and a second intake valve220 (shown in FIG. 2). Engine system 10 further includes an exhaustmanifold 48 coupled to the engine body, which defines a second fluidpassage that communicates with combustion chamber 30 (among othercombustion chambers of the engine) via a first exhaust valve 230 and asecond exhaust valve 240 (shown in FIG. 2). The combustion chamber mayreceive intake air via the first fluid passage and may exhaust productsof combustion (i.e. exhaust gases) via the second fluid passage providedby intake manifold 44 and exhaust manifold 48, respectively.

Intake manifold 44 may receive intake air from an intake passage 42,which may include one or more of a throttle 62 and a compressor 121.Compressor 121 forms a compressor stage of a boosting device, which mayinclude a supercharger or a turbocharger that further includes anexhaust gas turbine 123 arranged along the exhaust passage downstream ofthe exhaust valves. Throttle 62 may include a throttle plate 64, theposition of which may be electronically controlled. Intake passage 42may also include a mass airflow sensor 120 and intake manifold 44 mayinclude a manifold pressure sensor 122 that can provide an indication ofboost pressure downstream of compressor 121.

Combustion chamber 30 may include a fuel injector 66, which isconfigured to inject fuel directly into the combustion chamber in thisparticular example. However, in other examples, fuel injector 66 may bearranged upstream of intake valve 210, such as along intake manifold 44or intake passage 42. A fuel injector driver 68 may be provided tocontrol the fuel injection according to a prescribed timing, which maydepend on whether the engine is operating in a two stroke cycle or afour stroke cycle. Combustion chamber 30 may optionally include a sparkplug 92 for igniting an air and fuel mixture within the combustionchamber. An ignition system 88 may initiate ignition within thecombustion chambers of the engine via the spark plugs according to aprescribed timing, which may depend on whether the engine is operatingin a two stroke cycle or a four stroke cycle. In other embodiments,spark plug 92 may be omitted, such as with compression ignition enginesor diesel engines. Specifically, in one example, engine 10 may operatedwith homogeneous charge compression ignition (in one or both oftwo-stroke and/or four-stroke operation. Alternatively, compressionignition diesel combustion may be used. Further still, a firstcombustion mode may be used with a first number of strokes (e.g.,gasoline HCCl in two stroke) and a second, different combustion mode maybe used with a second number of strokes (e.g., gasoline spark ignitionin four stroke mode).

Engine body 32 may include coolant passages 114 that at least partiallysurround the combustion chamber. A coolant temperature sensor 112 canprovide an indication of engine coolant temperature. Piston 36 may beoperatively coupled with a crankshaft 40 via a crank arm. Crankshaft 40may be similarly coupled to other pistons of the engine. An engine speedand position sensor 118 may be provided at crankshaft 40. As oneexample, sensor 118 may comprise a hall effect sensor.

An exhaust gas composition sensor 126 may be provided along an exhaustpassage that is fluidly coupled with exhaust manifold 48. Sensor 126 mayprovided an indication of oxygen concentration in the exhaust gasproduced by the engine, thereby providing an indication of air/fuelratio combusted at the engine. An exhaust aftertreatment device 70 maybe provided along the exhaust passage for processing products ofcombustion.

Engine system 10 may include an electronic controller 12. Electroniccontroller 12 in combination with ignition system 88 and driver 68,among other suitable control components may comprise a control system ofthe engine. Controller 12 may include a processing subsystem (CPU) 102,which may comprise one or more processors. Controller 12 may includememory that comprises instructions that may be executed by theprocessing subsystem. This memory may include read only memory (ROM)106, random access memory (RAM) 108, and keep alive memory (KAM) 110.Processing subsystem 102 may communicate with the various sensor andactuators described herein via an input/output (I/O) interface 104. Forexample, controller 12 may receive sensory feedback from in the form ofmass air flow (MAF) via sensor 120, intake manifold pressure (MAP) viasensor 122, throttle position (TP) from throttle 62, engine coolanttemperature (ECT) via sensor 112, exhaust composition (EGO) such asexhaust gas oxygen content via sensor 126, and engine position (PIP) viasensor 118 which may be used to calculate engine speed. Additionally,controller 12 may receive an indication of operator requested engineoutput (e.g. torque and/or speed) from a user input device 130 via asensor 134. As one example, user input device 130 may include anaccelerator pedal that may be depressed by a vehicle operator 132.Sensor 134 may comprise a pedal position sensor, for example. Further,controller 12 may control one or more of the following: the position ofthrottle plate 64 via throttle 62, a state of compressor 121 to varyboost pressure, a state of turbine 123 to vary boost pressure, sparktiming via ignition system 88 through spark advance signal (SA), fuelinjection timing and amount via driver 68 through fuel pulse-width (FPW)signal, and valve timing via valve system 200.

Engine system 10 may include a valve system 200 shown in greater detailin FIG. 2. The valve system may include a plurality of cam actuators forcontrolling the position of the various intake and exhaust valves.Controller can obtain valve timing and/or cam actuator state informationfor the intake and exhaust valves from sensors 54 and 58. In someembodiments, the engine system may include a first cam actuator and asecond cam actuator configured to open the first intake valve and thesecond intake valve, respectively. In some embodiments, first camactuator and second cam actuator may be arranged on a common cam shaft.In other embodiments, first cam actuator and second cam actuator may bearranged on different cam shafts.

In some embodiments, the engine system may further include a third camactuator and a fourth cam actuator configured to open the first exhaustvalve and the second exhaust valve, respectively. In some embodiments,third cam actuator and fourth cam actuator may be arranged on a commoncam shaft. In other embodiments, third cam actuator and fourth camactuator may be arranged on different cam shafts. In some embodiments,the first, second, third, and fourth cam actuators may be arranged on acommon cam shaft. While in other embodiments, the first and third camactuators may be arranged on a first cam shaft, and the second andfourth cam actuators may be arranged on a second cam shaft. As such,various embodiments of the valve system are possible.

Regardless of the particular cam actuator configuration relative to theabove described cam shafts, these cam shafts may be mechanically coupledto a crankshaft of the engine so that the cam shaft rotates in relationto the rotation of the crankshaft by a prescribed speed ratio. As oneexample, where the various cam actuators each include a single cam lobe,the cam shafts may be mechanically coupled to the crank shaft in amanner that causes the cam shaft to rotate at half the speed of thecrank shaft. In other words, the cam shafts may be configured to rotateonly one revolution for every two revolutions of the crank shaft. Inthis way, the cam lobe of each cam actuator may engage its respectivevalve once per every four strokes of the piston to cause the valve toopen.

In other embodiments where the cam actuators each include two or morecam lobes, the cam shafts may be configured to rotate at differentspeeds relative to the crank shaft. For example, where the cam actuatorseach include two cam lobes, the cam shafts may be configured to rotateat one quarter the speed of the crank shaft. In other words, the camshafts may be configured to rotate only one revolution for every fourrevolutions of the crank shaft. In this way, one of the two cam lobes ofeach cam actuator may be engage its respective valve once per every fourstrokes of the piston to cause the valve to open.

FIG. 2 illustrates a non-limiting example of valve system 200. In thisexample, combustion chamber 30 which was previously described withreference to FIG. 1, is depicted with engine body 32 defining intakeports 262 and 264, and exhaust ports 266 and 268. While the combustionchamber is depicted with two intake ports and two exhaust ports, itshould be appreciated that combustion chamber 30 may include anothersuitable number of intake and exhaust ports. Note that in the embodimentof FIG. 2, the intake and exhaust valves are configured as poppet valvesthat are arranged in the intake and exhaust ports located at or near thetop of the combustion chamber.

Each of the intake and exhaust ports include an associated valve thatmay be moved (e.g. translated) relative to the port to open and closecommunication with the combustion chamber and the intake or exhaustmanifold. For example, intake air may be admitted to combustion chamber30 via one or more of intake ports 262 and 264 when their respectiveintake valves 210 and 220 are opened. Intake valve 210 is depicted inFIG. 2 in an open position that enable intake air to flow into thecombustion chamber from the intake manifold, while intake valve 220 isdepicted in a closed position, thereby inhibiting intake air fromflowing into the combustion chamber via intake port 264. Similarly,exhaust gases may be exhausted from combustion chamber 30 via one ormore of exhaust ports 266 and 268 when their respective exhaust valves230 and 240 are opened.

In this particular embodiment, intake valves 210 and 220 are actuated bycam actuators mounted on a common cam shaft 252 and exhaust valves 230and 240 are actuated by cam actuators mounted on a common cam shaft 256.In other embodiments, the intake and/or exhaust valves may be actuatedby cam actuators that are mounted on separate cam shafts. Cam shafts 252and 256 may be driven to rotate at a rotational speed that isproportional to the rotational speed of the crank shaft of the engine(i.e. engine speed). In some embodiments, crank shafts 252 and 256 maybe operatively coupled to the crankshaft via a 2:1 gear ratio, whichcauses the cam shafts to rotate at one half the rotational speed of thecrank shaft. Thus, the cam shafts may be driven to rotate through 360cam angle degrees for every 720 crank angle degrees. It should beappreciated that other suitable gear ratios may be used.

It should be appreciated that cam shafts 252 and 256 may include camactuators for opening valves associated with other combustion chambersof the engine. As such, intake cams actuators associated with othercombustion chambers of the engine may be mounted on cam shaft 252 andexhaust cams actuators associated with other combustion chambers of theengine may be mounted on cam shaft 256.

Intake valve 210 may include a tappet 212 and a valve spring 214. Valvespring 214 may be configured to urge intake valve 210 to a closedposition with respect to intake port 262 until opened by an actuationreceived from a cam actuator (e.g. cam actuator 216) via tappet 212. Forexample, in FIG. 2, cam actuator 216 which includes a cam lobe 217 isdepicted actuating valve 262 via tappet 212 to cause valve 262 to opento admit intake air to the combustion chamber. Note that valve spring214 is depicted in a compressed state relative to the other valvesprings shown in FIG. 2.

Similarly, exhaust valve 230 may include a tappet 232 and a valve spring234. Valve spring 234 may be configured to urge exhaust valve 230 to aclosed position with respect to exhaust port 266 until opened by anactuation received from a cam actuator (e.g. cam actuator 236) viatappet 232. For example, in FIG. 2, cam actuator 236 which includes acam lobe 237 is depicted in a position relative to tappet 232 that doesnot cause exhaust valve 230 to open. This position may be referred to asthe base circle of the cam actuator. As further depicted in FIG. 2, camactuator 216 may be at a different rotational position relative totappet 212 than cam actuator 236 relative to tappet 232, thereby causingintake valve 210 and exhaust valve 230 to open at different timingsrelative to the crank angle of the engine. An example timing diagram isdepicted in FIG. 6.

Intake valve 220 may be associated with a tappet 222, valve spring 224,and a cam actuator 226 having a cam lobe 227 that causes intake valve220 to open. As depicted in FIG. 2, cam actuators 216 and 226 may beconfigured to open their respective intake valves at different timingsas illustrated by their different orientations on cam shaft 252. As oneexample, cam actuator 216 may be orientated at approximately 180 camangle degrees (e.g. 360 crank angle degrees) relative to cam actuator226. Intake valve 220 may also be associated with a non-lifting camactuator 228. The non-lifting cam actuator 228 may be the equivalent ofthe base circle of cam actuator 226. By varying which one of camactuators 226 and 228 that engage tappet 222, an activated or adeactivated state of valve 220 may be selected. For example, during theactivated state, cam actuator 227 may engage tappet 222, whereby valve220 may be opened according to the lift profile of cam actuator 226 asdefined by cam lobe 227. During deactivated state, valve 226 may notengage tappet 222, whereby valve 220 may remain closed (e.g. held closedby the valve spring) through an entire revolution of the cam shaft.

There are at least two ways in which intake valve 220 may betransitioned between the deactivated state and the activated state. As afirst example, the crank shaft may be translated relative to tappet 222,thereby causing one of cam actuator 226 or cam actuator 228 to engagethe tappet. As a non-limiting example, a variable valve timing device270 may be configured to translate cam shaft 252 between at least twodifferent positions, which correspond to the engagement anddisengagement of cam actuator 226 from tappet 222. When cam actuator 228engages the tappet, the valve is not lifted as a result of thenon-lifting aspect of cam actuator 228. By contrast, when cam actuator226 engages the tappet, the valve is lifted according to the profile ofcam lobe 227. Where translation of the cam shaft is used to selectbetween two or more different cam actuators, cam actuator 216 mayoptionally be configured with a width that enables cam actuator 216 toengage tappet 212 during each of the activated and deactivated positionsof intake valve 220. In this way, intake valve 210 may continue to openaccording to the profile of cam actuator 216 regardless of the state ofintake valve 220.

As a second example, tappet 222 may be adjusted to selectively engagecam actuator 226 during the activated state of valve 220 or disengagefrom cam actuator 226 during the deactivated state of valve 220. Forexample, tappet 222 may include lost motion functionality whereby liftprovided by cam lobe 227 does not translate to valve 220 via tappet 222.Note that with each of the first and second examples, cam actuator 228may be optionally omitted since no lift may be provided during thedeactivated state of the valve. This lost motion functionality will bedescribed in greater detail with reference to FIG. 3.

Exhaust valve 240 may be associated with a tappet 242, valve spring 244,and a cam actuator 246 having a cam lobe 247 that causes intake valve240 to open. As depicted in FIG. 2, cam actuators 236 and 246 may beconfigured to open their respective exhaust valves at different timingsas illustrated by their different orientations on cam shaft 256. As oneexample, cam actuator 236 may be orientated at approximately 180 camangle degrees (e.g. 360 crank angle degrees) relative to cam actuator246. Intake valve 240 may also be associated with a non-lifting camactuator 248. The non-lifting cam actuator 248 may be the equivalent ofthe base circle of cam actuator 246.

By disengaging cam actuator 246 from tappet 242 and/or by varying whichone of cam actuators 246 and 248 that engage tappet 242, an activated ora deactivated state of valve 240 may be selected. For example, duringthe activated state, cam actuator 246 may engage tappet 242, wherebyvalve 240 may be opened according to the lift profile of cam actuator246 as defined by cam lobe 247. During the deactivated state, valve 246may be disengaged from tappet 242, whereby valve 240 may remain closed(e.g. held closed by the valve spring) through an entire revolution ofthe cam shaft. There are at least two ways in which exhaust valve 240may be transitioned between the deactivated state and the activatedstate as previously described with reference to intake valve 220. Forexample, a variable valve timing device 280 may be configured totranslate cam shaft 256 between at least two positions, which correspondto a state where cam actuator 246 engages tappet 242 and a state wherecam actuator 246 is disengaged from tappet 242. As another example,tappet 242 may provide lost motion functionality as described withreference to FIG. 3.

Note that variable valve timing devices 270 and 280 may comprise acombined unit in some embodiments. It should be appreciated that thesevariable valve timing devices may be actuated by any suitable approachto cause translation of the cam shafts, including hydraulic actuation orelectromechanical actuation that may be initiated by controller 12.Furthermore, variable valve timing devices 270 and 280 may be configuredto cause rotation of the camshafts relative to the position of thepiston. In this way, the intake and exhaust valve timing may be adjusted(e.g. advanced or retarded) as will be described in greater detail withregards to FIGS. 4-6. It should be appreciated that these valve timingadjustments may be initiated by the controller via the variable valvetiming devices using any suitable actuation approach, includinghydraulic actuation or electromechanical actuation.

Intake valve 210 and exhaust valve 230 may be referred to as “full time”valves, since they may be operated during both four stroke and twostroke operation of combustion chamber 30, while intake valve 220 andexhaust valve 240 may be referred to as “part time” valves, since theymay be operated only during the two stroke operation of combustionchamber 30, at least in some embodiments. However, as will be describedwith reference to FIG. 5, the full time valves and part time valves maybe periodically switched in some embodiments, where the part time valvesbecome the full time valves and vice-versa. Further still, it should beappreciated that cam shaft 252 may include a non-lifting cam actuatorfor valve 210 as was previously described with reference to cam actuator228 for valve 220. Similarly, it should be appreciated that cam shaft256 may include a non-lifting cam actuator for valve 230 as waspreviously described with reference to cam actuator 248 for valve 240.

FIG. 3 depicts a non-limiting example of a tappet 310 that exhibits lostmotion functionality. It should be appreciated that other suitabletappets may be used to enable the deactivation or activation of aparticular valve. Tappet 310 may refer to one of the previouslydescribed tappets. For example, where valves 210 and 230 are alwaysoperated as full time valves, tappet 310 may refer to the previouslydescribed tappets 222 and 242 of the part time valves 220 and 240.However, where valves 210 and 230 may transition between full timestatus and part time status as described with reference to FIG. 5,tappet 310 may refer to any of the previously described tappets.

FIG. 3 illustrates a cam shaft which may include one of the previouslydescribed cam shafts 252/256 and its associated cams 228/248 and226/246. In this particular embodiment, tappet 310 has an actuationmember 320 which may be translated relative to the tappet to engage ordisengage the lifting cam actuator (e.g. cam actuator 226 or 246).Tappet 310 may include a contact surface 312 that interfaces with anon-lifting cam (e.g. 228/248) when the valve is set to the deactivatedstate. When the valve is to be set to the activated state, actuationmember 320 may be translated toward the lifting cam so that surface 322contacts the lifting cam causing the valve to open according to theprofile of the lifting cam. Note that in some embodiments, a secondnon-lifting cam 330 may be provided to balance the forces applied tosurface 312 of the tappet. In other embodiments, such as where thelifting cam is arranged on the outside of the tappet and the non-liftingcam is arranged on the inside of the tappet, a second lifting cam may beprovided to balance the forces applied to the surface of the tappet.Note that FIG. 3 provides merely one non-limiting example of howactivation and deactivation of a valve may be performed by a tappethaving lost motion functionality.

FIGS. 4 and 5 depict example process flows that may be used to controlvalve system 200. These process flows may represent instructionsresiding on computer readable media that may be performed by aprocessing subsystem of the control system. Referring to FIG. 4, at 410,operating conditions of the engine system may be identified. Forexample, the control system may receive feedback from the varioussensors that were previously described with reference to FIG. 1. Theseoperating conditions may include, but are not limited to: current enginespeed, current engine load, current engine torque, an operator requestedoutput (e.g. as indicated by pedal position) such as desired enginetorque or desired engine speed to be produced by the engine, boostpressure, ambient conditions, etc.

At 412, if one or more combustion chambers of the engine system are tobe transitioned from the two stroke cycle to the four stroke cycle, theprocess flow may proceed to 414. For example, the control system mayjudge that a transition is to be performed from the two stroke cycle tothe four stroke cycle responsive to the operating conditions identifiedat 410. As a non-limiting example, the control system may transition theengine to the four stroke cycle at higher engine speeds or when a lowerengine output torque is requested by the vehicle operator.

At 414, the part time valves (e.g. valves 220 and 240) may bedeactivated (i.e. set to the deactivate state) while operation of thefull time valves (e.g. valves 210 and 230) is maintained. For example,referring also to FIG. 6, the full time (FT) valves may continue tooperate in the active state while the part time (PT) valves may bedeactivated at the closed valve state (e.g. as assisted by the valvesprings).

Optionally, at 416, the timing of the full time intake valve (e.g. valve210) may be retarded and the timing of the full time exhaust valve (e.g.valve 220) may be advanced responsive to the transition from the twostroke cycle to the four stroke cycle. For example, referring also toFIG. 6, the full time (FT) exhaust valve timing may be retarded to alater timing during the four stroke cycle as indicated at 630 relativeto its timing during the two stroke cycle, and the full time (FT) intakevalve timing may be advanced to an earlier timing during the four strokecycle as indicated at 640 relative to its timing during the two strokecycle.

From 416 or if the answer at 412 is judge no, the process flow mayproceed to 418. If a transition from the four stroke cycle to the twostroke cycle is to be performed, the process flow may proceed to 420.For example, the control system may judge whether the transition fromfour stroke operation to two stroke operation is to be performedresponsive to the operating conditions identified at 410. As anon-limiting example, the control system may transition the engine tothe two stroke cycle at lower engine speeds or when a higher engineoutput torque is requested by the vehicle operator. It should beappreciated that the valve control approaches described herein are notlimited to this particular example.

At 420, the part time valves may be activated to transition to twostroke operation while maintaining operation of the full time valves(e.g. valves 210 and 230). During two stroke operation, the spark andfuel may be provided to the combustion chambers approximately every 360crank angle degrees as depicted in FIG. 6. By contrast, during fourstroke operation, the spark and fuel may be provided to the combustionchambers approximately every 720 crank angle degrees as also shown inFIG. 6.

Optionally, at 422, the timing of the full time intake valve (e.g. valve210) may be advanced and the timing of the full time exhaust valve (e.g.valve 220) may be retarded responsive to the transition from four strokeoperation to two stroke operation. For example, referring also to FIG.6, the full time (FT) exhaust valve timing may be advanced to an earliertiming during the two stroke cycle as indicated at 610 relative to itstiming during the four stroke cycle, and the full time (FT) intake valvetiming may be retarded to a later timing during the two stroke cycle asindicated at 620 relative to its timing during the four stroke cycle.FIG. 6 illustrates how the part time (PT) intake valve (e.g. valve 220)and part time (PT) exhaust valve (e.g. valve 240) may be operated duringthe two stroke cycle. FIG. 6 also depicts how the relative timing of theintake and exhaust valves (i.e. the valve overlap) may be adjustedduring the two stroke cycle responsive to operating conditionsidentified at 410. For example, the overlap between a full time valveand a part time valve may be adjusted according to boost pressure,engine speed, engine load, engine torque output, operator requestedengine torque, etc. From 422 or if the answer is no at 418, the processflow may return to the start.

Referring to FIG. 5, at 510, it may be judged whether a valve's statusas a “full time” valve should be switched to a part time operation. Asone example, the control system may periodically operate full timevalves as part time valves and part time valves as full time valves inorder to reduce asymmetry in valve wear among the various valves of theengine. As a non-limiting example, the control system may record thenumber of opening events provided by each valve or the amount of timeeach valve has been activated, whereby the control system may assign“full time” and “part time” status to the valves in a manner that moreclosely balances the number of opening events or activation time of thevarious valves. If the answer at 510 is yes, the process flow mayproceed to 512. Alternatively, if the answer at 510 is no, the processflow may return to the start.

At 512, it may be judged whether the engine system or a particularcombustion chamber of the engine system is currently operating in thefour stroke cycle. If the answer at 512 is judged yes, the process flowmay proceed to 514, where operation of the current full time valves maybe maintained in the active full time state at 514. Alternatively, ifthe answer at 512 is judged no, the process flow may proceed to 516.

At 516, it may be judged whether the engine system or a particular cycleof the engine system is currently operating in the two stroke cycle. Ifthe answer at 516 is judged yes, the process flow may proceed to 518.Alternatively, if the answer at 516 is judged no, the process flow mayreturn to the start. At 518, during the next transition of the enginesystem or combustion chamber from the two stroke cycle to the fourstroke cycle, the control system may deactivate the previous full timevalves (rather than the previous part time valves) while maintainingoperation of the previous part time valves. In this way, the part timevalves may obtain the status of full time valves while the previous fulltime valves are deactivated in accordance with their new status as parttime valves. Note that the valve timings of the previous part timevalves (i.e. new full time valves) may be adjusted responsive to thetransition as described with reference to FIG. 4. In this way, valvesystem wear may be balanced more evenly among the various valves of theengine system.

FIG. 6 illustrates how the cam actuator arrangement of FIG. 2 may causea full time intake valve to repeatedly open once every four strokesduring the four stroke cycle and a full time exhaust valve to repeatedlyopen once every four strokes during the four stroke cycle. During thetwo stroke cycle, the full time valves may continue to operate at thesame frequency relative to piston position (although valve timingadjustments may be performed responsive to the transition as indicatedat 610, 620, 630, and 640), while the part time intake valve isrepeatedly opened once every 4 strokes during a different intake strokethan the full time intake valve, and the part time exhaust valve isrepeatedly opened once every 4 strokes by a during a different exhauststroke than the full time exhaust valve. For example, during two strokeoperation, the full time intake valve and the part time intake valve maybe opened approximately 360 crank angle degrees apart and the full timeexhaust valve and the part time exhaust vale may be opened approximately360 crank angle degrees apart (excluding the transient valve timingadjustments that may be performed in response to changes in operatingconditions as demonstrated by the latter half of the two stroke cycleshown in FIG. 6).

Note that the example control and estimation routines that are depictedby the above process flows can be used with various engine and/orvehicle system configurations. The specific routines described hereinmay represent one or more of any number of processing strategies such asevent-driven, interrupt-driven, multi-tasking, multi-threading, and thelike. As such, various acts, operations, or functions illustrated may beperformed in the sequence illustrated, in parallel, or in some casesomitted. Likewise, the order of processing is not necessarily requiredto achieve the features and advantages of the example embodimentsdescribed herein, but is provided for ease of illustration anddescription. One or more of the illustrated acts or functions may berepeatedly performed depending on the particular strategy being used.Further, the described acts may graphically represent code to beprogrammed into the computer readable storage medium in the enginecontrol system.

It will be appreciated that the configurations and routines disclosedherein are exemplary in nature, and that these specific embodiments arenot to be considered in a limiting sense, because numerous variationsare possible. For example, the above technology can be applied to V-6,I-4, I-6, V-12, opposed 4, and other engine types. The subject matter ofthe present disclosure includes all novel and non-obvious combinationsand subcombinations of the various systems and configurations, and otherfeatures, functions, and/or properties disclosed herein.

The following claims particularly point out certain combinations andsubcombinations regarded as novel and non-obvious. These claims mayrefer to “an” element or “a first” element or the equivalent thereof.Such claims should be understood to include incorporation of one or moresuch elements, neither requiring nor excluding two or more suchelements. Other combinations and subcombinations of the disclosedfeatures, functions, elements, and/or properties may be claimed throughamendment of the present claims or through presentation of new claims inthis or a related application. Such claims, whether broader, narrower,equal, or different in scope to the original claims, also are regardedas included within the subject matter of the present disclosure.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A method of operating an internal combustion engineincluding at least one combustion chamber having a piston disposedtherein, the method comprising: operating the combustion chamber in afour stroke cycle by repeatedly opening a first exhaust valve of thecombustion chamber once every four piston strokes via a first camactuator while holding closed a second exhaust valve of the combustionchamber; operating the combustion chamber in a two stroke cycle byrepeatedly opening the first exhaust valve once every four pistonstrokes via the first cam actuator and repeatedly opening the secondexhaust valve once every four piston strokes via a second cam actuatorduring a different exhaust stroke 360 crank-degrees from the firstexhaust valve; and varying operation of the combustion chamber betweenthe four stroke cycle and the two stroke cycle as an operating conditionchanges by adjusting a lift state between the second cam actuator andthe second exhaust valve, and by advancing the first exhaust valve'stiming.
 22. The method of claim 21, where adjusting the lift statebetween the second cam actuator and the second exhaust valve includes:setting the second cam actuator to an active lift state during operationof the combustion chamber in the two stroke cycle so that the secondexhaust valve is repeatedly opened once every four piston strokes as thesecond cam actuator rotates; and setting the second cam actuator to aninactive lift state during operation of the combustion chamber in thefour stroke cycle so that the second exhaust valve is held closed as thesecond cam actuator rotates.
 23. The method of claim 21, furthercomprising: repeatedly opening a first intake valve of the combustionchamber once every four piston strokes via a third cam actuator whileholding closed a second intake valve of the combustion chamber whileoperating the combustion chamber in the four stroke cycle; repeatedlyopening the first intake valve once every four piston strokes via thethird cam actuator and repeatedly opening the second intake valve onceevery four piston strokes via a fourth cam actuator during a differentintake stroke than the first intake valve while operating the combustionchamber in the two stroke cycle; and where varying operation of thecombustion chamber between the four stroke cycle and the two strokecycle as the operating condition changes further includes adjusting alift state between the fourth cam actuator and the second intake valve.24. The method of claim 21, where the operating condition includes oneor more of engine speed, engine load, and an operator requested outputtorque to be produced by the engine.
 25. A method for a cylinder with apiston, comprising: performing two-stroke operation by opening first andsecond intake valves via a first camshaft, and first and second exhaustvalves via a second camshaft, once every four piston strokes, each ofthe respective intake and exhaust valves having a 360 crank-degreedifference from one another; and transitioning to four-stroke operationby deactivating only the second intake and second exhaust valves andadjusting the first valves' timings.
 26. The method of claim 25 furthercomprising performing four-stroke operation by opening only the firstintake valve via the first camshaft and the first exhaust valve via thesecond camshaft once every four piston strokes with the second intakeand exhaust valves deactivated.
 27. The method of claim 25, furthercomprising: performing said transitioning responsive to operatingconditions including an operator requested output.
 28. The method ofclaim 25, where deactivating the second intake and exhaust valvesincludes deactivating the valves in a closed position where the valvesare held in the closed position while the first intake and exhaustvalves are repeatedly opened once every four piston strokes.
 29. Amethod for an engine cylinder, comprising: performing two-strokeoperation by cam-actuating each of first and second intake valves andfirst and second exhaust valves of the cylinder once every four pistonstrokes and operating according to four-stroke valve timing; performingfour-stroke operation by cam-actuating only the first intake and exhaustvalves once every four piston strokes with the second intake and exhaustvalves deactivated; and varying valve timing between the two-stroke andfour-stroke operation.
 30. The method of claim 29 further comprisingtransitioning from two-stroke to four-stroke operation by deactivatingthe second intake and exhaust valves, and from four-stroke to two-strokeoperation by activating the second intake and exhaust valves.
 31. Themethod of claim 29 wherein varying valve timing includes retardingtiming of the first intake valve and advancing timing of the firstexhaust valve when transitioning from two-stroke to four-strokeoperation.